The Franchise Transparency Score grades how openly a franchise discloses cost, litigation, owner turnover, support, territory, control, and earnings. It does not measure or predict profitability. Each factor below grades a section of the Franchise Disclosure Document (FDD) on how clearly and completely it is disclosed, never on the underlying numbers.

1. Earnings Transparency FDD Item 19Weight 20%

Item 19 is the only place a franchisor may disclose financial performance, and about 40% disclose none. We grade whether they disclose, and how honestly: is the basis given, the sample size, gross versus net, what is excluded, and does it avoid cherry-picking top performers? 10 = detailed with full context. 1 = no Item 19 at all. The figures themselves are never scored.

2. Cost Transparency FDD Items 5, 6, 7Weight 16%

The true cost to open and operate: initial fee, other fees, and the estimated initial investment. 10 = itemized with low and high columns and clear ongoing costs. 1 = key categories missing or buried behind "varies".

3. Litigation Transparency FDD Item 3Weight 16%

Volume, recency, and nature of material litigation, especially franchisees suing the franchisor. 10 = little or none, plainly presented. 2 = significant, patterned, or hard to interpret. Disclosure that is open is rewarded even when the history is not clean.

4. Owner-Outcome Transparency FDD Item 20Weight 16%

Units opened, closed, transferred, and reacquired over three years: the "who stayed and who left" signal. 10 = strong retention, clearly tabulated. 2 = high turnover or numbers that cannot be reconciled.

5. Support Transparency FDD Item 11Weight 12%

How specific the franchisor is about what it actually commits to provide, versus what it "may" provide at its discretion. 10 = defined, enforceable commitments. 1 = minimal or all-discretion language.

6. Territory Transparency FDD Item 12Weight 10%

Whether your territory is exclusive and protected, including whether the franchisor can sell nearby or online into it. 10 = clear, protected, defined boundaries. 2 = unclear or contradictory terms.

7. Control & Obligations FDD Item 9 + restrictionsWeight 10%

How clearly your obligations and the franchisor's control are spelled out: required purchases, pricing, transfer, renewal, and non-competes. 10 = fully spelled out. 2 = obligations buried or vague.

The grade bands

Sub-scores are weighted and summed to a whole-number 0 to 100 grade, reported in five bands.

85 - 100Highly Transparent
70 - 84Substantially Transparent
55 - 69Moderately Transparent
40 - 54Limited Transparency
0 - 39Opaque

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